Math Problem Statement

Evaluate L {F(t)}, if F(t) = (t-1)², if t>a, { 0, if 0 < t < a

Solution

The problem asks to find the Laplace transform of the function F(t)F(t), defined as:

(t-1)^2, & t > a \\ 0, & 0 < t < a \end{cases}$$ To solve this, we first note that the Laplace transform $$L\{f(t)\}$$ of a function $$f(t)$$ is given by: $$L\{f(t)\} = \int_0^\infty f(t) e^{-st} \, dt$$ ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Rewriting the function $$F(t)$$:** The function $$F(t)$$ is a piecewise function, so we can split the integral into two parts, one where $$F(t) = 0$$ (for $$0 < t < a$$) and the other where $$F(t) = (t-1)^2$$ (for $$t > a$$): $$L\{F(t)\} = \int_0^a 0 \cdot e^{-st} \, dt + \int_a^\infty (t-1)^2 e^{-st} \, dt$$ The first integral vanishes because $$F(t) = 0$$ for $$0 < t < a$$. 2. **Evaluating the non-zero integral:** The remaining integral is: $$L\{F(t)\} = \int_a^\infty (t-1)^2 e^{-st} \, dt$$ To simplify this, we perform a substitution. Let: $$u = t - 1 \quad \text{so that} \quad du = dt \quad \text{and} \quad t = u + 1.$$ This changes the limits of integration: when $$t = a$$, $$u = a - 1$$, and when $$t = \infty$$, $$u = \infty$$. Therefore, the integral becomes: $$L\{F(t)\} = \int_{a-1}^\infty u^2 e^{-s(u+1)} \, du$$ Simplifying the exponential term: $$e^{-s(u+1)} = e^{-su} e^{-s}$$ So the integral becomes: $$L\{F(t)\} = e^{-s} \int_{a-1}^\infty u^2 e^{-su} \, du$$ 3. **Solving the integral:** The integral of $$u^2 e^{-su}$$ is a standard Laplace transform. The Laplace transform of $$u^2$$ is: $$\int_0^\infty u^2 e^{-su} \, du = \frac{2}{s^3}$$ However, we need to evaluate this from $$u = a-1$$. To do so, we use the following property: $$\int_{a-1}^\infty u^2 e^{-su} \, du = \int_0^\infty u^2 e^{-su} \, du - \int_0^{a-1} u^2 e^{-su} \, du$$ The first term is $$\frac{2}{s^3}$$. The second term requires an integral from 0 to $$a-1$$, which can be solved using the incomplete gamma function, but for simplicity, let's leave it in integral form for now: $$L\{F(t)\} = e^{-s} \left( \frac{2}{s^3} - \int_0^{a-1} u^2 e^{-su} \, du \right)$$ ### Final Answer: $$L\{F(t)\} = e^{-s} \left( \frac{2}{s^3} - \int_0^{a-1} u^2 e^{-su} \, du \right)$$ Would you like to dive into the details of the integral, or do you have any further questions? Here's a list of related topics you might find helpful: 1. What is the general formula for the Laplace transform of a piecewise function? 2. How does the shifting property of the Laplace transform work in this case? 3. What are the properties of the incomplete gamma function, and how are they used in Laplace transforms? 4. How do you handle the Laplace transform of piecewise polynomials in general? 5. How can the result be used in solving differential equations? **Tip:** When working with piecewise functions, always remember to break the Laplace transform into segments based on the different definitions of the function!

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Math Problem Analysis

Mathematical Concepts

Laplace Transform
Piecewise Functions
Integration

Formulas

L{f(t)} = ∫_0^∞ f(t) e^(-st) dt
L{u^2} = 2/s^3

Theorems

Shifting Property of Laplace Transform
Laplace Transform of Piecewise Functions

Suitable Grade Level

College/University (Advanced Calculus or Differential Equations)